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Id: 396
Type: Peer-reviewed article
Published: 11/15/2025
Publication: Journal of Astronautical Sciences
Authors:
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Abstract:
Numerical propagation techniques have been extensively studied and are routine for precise satellite operations. Most studies focus on time spans of a few days to several weeks, specific orbital classes, or interplanetary orbits. As long-term numerical operations become more commonplace, it’s useful to quantify accuracy performance for propagations of several months, to years. This paper performs long-term numerical propagation comparisons against reference orbits in a variety of orbital classes. Semianalytical techniques are also used in the comparisons including a general discussion of the initial osculating to mean element conversion. Finally, orbital size, shape, and orientation considerations are examined.
Keywords:
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Citation:
Vallado, David A. 2025. Long-term Numerical Propagation for Earth Orbiting Satellites. Journal of the Astronautical Sciences. 72 (60): 1–32.
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